Starting from arbitrary initial conditions, the quadrotors flock towards the source (minimum) of a scalar field. The idea is to estimate a local gradient and hessian and track continuous versions of steepest descent and newton method with momentum. Stability analysis and other details could be found in this paper:
Datar, A., Paulsen, P. and Werner, H., 2019, July. Flocking Towards the Source: Indoor Experiments with Quadrotors
Links to videos:
[1] Paper presentation at ECC 2020
[2] Source-seeking for a strictly convex quadratic scalar field
[3] Source-seeking for a strictly log-convex scalar field
[4] Source-seeking for a non-convex quadratic scalar field with 2 minima
[5] Data from all experiments visualized in an animation