This module provides a comprehensive knowledge in modern cryptography and how it plays a key role in securing the digital world we live in today. We will thoroughly treat cryptographic primitives such as symmetric and asymmetric encryption schemes, cryptographic hash functions, message authentication codes, and digital signatures. Moreover, we will cover aspects of practical deployment such as key management, public key infrastructures, and secure storage of keys. We will see how everything comes together in applications such as the ubiquitous security protocols of the Internet (e.g. TLS and WPA3) and/or the Internet-of-things. We also discuss current challenges such as the need for post-quantum cryptography.