Raman Fiber Lasers

Raman fiber lasers (RFLs) find a perfect application as pump sources in optical amplifiers in today's optical networks, as they can be built to deliver power at any wavelength in the range of interest between 1200 and 1650 nm by converting the power of a pump source at a shorter wavelength to radiation at the desired longer wavelengths. In addition, the test and characterization of active and passive optical components in this wavelength range requires continuously tunable lasers in the whole spectral range between 1200 and 1650 nm. Although the Raman effect itself is known for nearly one century now, its application to modern optical communication systems is quite new and one of the most promising technologies for optical amplifiers and lasers.
The optimization of fixed-wavelength Raman lasers for maximum efficiency and multi-wavelength output has been studied extensively in the last years, but not much focus has been on the temporal behavior of theses lasers and on tunable Raman fiber lasers yet.
The department of optical communication technology deals with the development of tunable Raman fiber lasers. Both bulk-optically tunable and all-fiber tunable Raman lasers have been developed, where the tunable range in both cases was extended by the insertion of low-loss switchable auxiliary resonators. A tuning range of more than 110 nm has been achieved with both setups and numerical simulations promise further improvements.

Another research topic is the switching behavior of cascaded Raman fiber lasers. We have shown both experimentally and numerically that strong pulses occur in the output of these lasers when they are switched on. The results of experimental and numerical studies allow for an optimization of this transient behaviour with respect to switching times and pulse strengths and thus for a reduction of the impairments inflicted on transmission systems pumped by these lasers.

		M. Krause, S. Cierullies, H. Renner, E. Brinkmeyer, Pump-to-Stokes RIN transfer in Raman fiber lasers and its impact on the performance of co-pumped Raman amplifiers Opt. Commun. 260(2), pp. 656-661 (2006)
		M. Krause, R. Stanslovaityte, S. Cierullies, H. Renner, E. Brinkmeyer, Double-Cavity Raman Fiber Laser with Improved Tolerance against High-RIN Pump Lasers European Conference on Optical Communication (ECOC), September 25-29, Glasgow, Scotland (Paper We4.P.25), (2005)
		S. Cierullies, Fast and exact calculation of cascaded, multi-wavelength, and tunable Raman fiber lasers based on a simplified analytical solution with subsequent numerical collocation solving VDE-ITG-Fachausschuss 9.1 - Diskussionssitzung: Messung und Modellierung in der Optischen Nachrichtentechnik, MMONT 2005 - 1.-3. Juni, Elsa-Brändström-Haus, Hamburg-Blankenese , (2005)
		M. Krause, H. Renner, Theory and design of double-cavity Raman fiber lasers J. Lightwave Technol. 23(8), pp. 2474-2483 (2005)
		M. Krause, H. Renner, Numerical calculation of the linewidth of Raman fiber lasers due to spontaneous Raman scattering AEÜ (International Journal of Electronics and Communications) 59(8), pp. 502-509 (2005)
		S. Cierullies, E.-L. Lim, E. Brinkmeyer, All-Fiber Widely Tunable Raman Laser in a Combined Linear and Sagnac-Loop Configuration Optical Fiber Communication Conference (OFC), Anaheim, California, March 6-11 (Paper OME11), (2005)
		S. Cierullies, M. Krause, H. Renner, E. Brinkmeyer, Experimental and Numerical Study of the Switching Dynamics of Raman Fiber Lasers Appl. Phys. B 80(2), pp. 177-183 (2005)
		S. Cierullies, Freistrahl- und faseroptisch abstimmbare Raman-Faserlaser Norddeutscher Lasertag, 8. Dezember 2004, Hamburg (Poster 41), (2004)
		M. Krause, H. Renner, Double-cavity Raman fibre lasers with suppressed pump-to-Stokes transfer of low-frequency RIN Electron. Lett. 40(11), pp. 656-657 (2004)
		S. Cierullies, M. Krause, H. Renner, E. Brinkmeyer, Switching dynamics of Raman fiber lasers Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO), San Francisco, California, May 16-21 (Paper CMD2), (2004)
		M. Krause, S. Cierullies, H. Renner, E. Brinkmeyer, Pump-to-Stokes transfer of relative intensity noise in Raman fiber lasers Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO), San Francisco, California, May 16-21 (Paper CMD5), (2004)
		M. Krause, S. Cierullies, H. Renner, E. Brinkmeyer, Design of widely tunable Raman fibre lasers supported by switchable FBG resonators Electron. Lett. 39(25), pp. 1795-1797 (2003)
		M. Krause, S. Cierullies, H. Renner, Stabilizing effect of line broadening in Raman fiber lasers Opt. Commun. 227(4-6), pp. 355-361 (2003)
		S. Cierullies, M. Krause , H. Renner, E. Brinkmeyer, Widely Tunable CW Raman Fiber Laser Supported by Switchable FBG Resonators European Conference on Optical Communication (ECOC) 2003, Rimini, Italy (Paper Tu3.2.3), (2003)
		H. Renner, S. Cierullies, M. Krause, Scaling rules for Raman fiber lasers Optical Fiber Communication Conference (OFC), Atlanta, USA (Paper MF25), (2003)
		S. Cierullies, H. Renner, E. Brinkmeyer, Numerical optimization of multi-wavelength and cascaded Raman fiber lasers Opt. Commun. 217(1-6), pp. 233-238 (2003)

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